Medicare can be very confusing for those newly eligible, and often I see the same issues coming up for those who are trying to navigate the Medicare maze. Here are few points to try and help clarify the process.
Many confuse the Parts of Medicare with the various Supplemental Plans available to them to fill the gaps in Medicare. The reason is that some of the Supplemental Plans have the same letter name as parts of Medicare. You have Parts A, B, and C with Medicare, but these are also names of Supplemental Plans that go with Medicare. Basically, Medicare has Part A – Hospital Coverage, Part B – Medical or Doctors’ Coverage, Part C – Medicare Advantage Plans, and Part D – Prescription Drug Coverage. You also have Plans A, B and C which are Supplemental Plans that cover the gaps in Medicare. A Medicare Advantage Plan is not the same as a Medicare Supplemental Plan. When you sign up for a Medicare Advantage Plan, you are signing up for Part C with Medicare, even though these plans are administered through private insurance companies. The insurance companies handle all costs associated with your care, but are subsidized by the Medicare program. These plans are usually HMO’s that require referrals to see specialists, and you must use Network providers in your service area to be covered. Supplemental Plans are PPO’s with no Network restrictions. However, you must use providers that take Medicare. Cobra is not considered creditable coverage for Medicare. If you lose your job and are Medicare-eligible, if you go on Cobra, it is not considered creditable coverage, which means you could be charged a penalty on your Medicare Part B and Part D premiums once you do sign up for Medicare. If your employer has 20 or more employees, you can remain on your employee group plan (as well as your dependents) if you are actively working, even though you are eligible for Medicare. The prominent word here is actively working, which means you cannot be on Cobra or laid-off from work. Higher earners pay more for their Medicare Part B premium and their Medicare Part D premium. If you make over $88,000 (as a single person) or over $176,000 (as a couple), you will pay more for your Part B and Part D premiums. It is called IRMMA (Income-Related Monthly Adjusted Amount), and it increases in increments based on income level.
With the cost of insulin nearly tripling over the past decade, many Americans with diabetes face difficult decisions when it comes to their health – whether to limit or stop taking their insulin because of the staggering cost. Seniors on fixed incomes may be even more vulnerable to the dire consequences of not being able to afford their medications.
In an effort to address the growing problem, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid have implemented the Senior Savings Model for Part D Drug plans starting in January 2021. This new model limits copays in the deductible, initial and coverage gap phases for certain brands of insulin to a maximum of $35 per 30-day supply. The cost could even be less, depending on the medication. These rules apply to both stand-alone Part D drug plans and those imbedded in Advantage plans. Plans do not have to participate in the new model, and there are a limited number of plans that have opted into the new program.
In California, the stand-alone Part D plans that have agreed to participate are as follows: AARP Medicare Rx Preferred, Cigna Secure-Extra Rx, Express Scripts Medicare Choice, Express Scripts Medicare Saver, Humana Premier Rx, Mutual of Omaha Rx Premier, WellCare Medicare Rx Value Plus, WellCare Value Script, WellCare Wellness Rx. Advantage plans participating in the Senior Savings Model vary by county.
A Medi-Medi plan, also often referred to as a dual-special-needs plan or “look alike” plan, is a type of Medicare Advantage plan for people who qualify for both Medicare and Medicaid or Medi-Cal in California. Medicare is the primary payer on these types of plans with Medi-Cal being the secondary payer. You must go to doctors who accept both Medicare and Medi-Cal, and your share of cost is determined by your asset level. In California, to qualify in 2020 as a single person, your asset level is at $2,000 or below ($3,000 or below for couples). There are many things that are not included in your asset level like your primary residence, household items, pre-paid burial expenses and your car.
The advantages of having a Medi-Medi plan are that they coordinate your care with a provider network and often include extra benefits such as vision, dental and transportation services. You do, however, have to use the doctors and specialists in the plan’s network to be covered (except in cases of emergency). These plans are provided by private insurance companies, and the benefits and costs can vary from company to company. Prescription drugs are included in the plan with copays at no more than $1.30 for generic drugs and no more than $8.95 for brand drugs. If you pay no share of cost, your copays would be $0 for your medications.
You will automatically be enrolled in Medi-Cal if you qualify and sign up for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) through Social Security. You may qualify, as well, if you don’t get SSI, but you must contact your Medi-Cal county office to see if you meet eligibility requirements. If you are considering a Medi-Medi plan, be sure and check that your current doctors are in the plan’s network (if you wish to remain with them), and that your medications are in the plan’s formulary. You can also apply for one of these plans if you become newly eligible for assistance or during the Annual Enrollment Period from October 15 to December 7.
Trump recently signed four executive orders in hopes of curbing high drug prices in the United States. One of the orders targets how Medicare reimburses physicians for the administration of medications in hospital or office settings which is covered under Medicare Part B. The standing rule is that doctors can charge up to an additional 6% of the average sales price of a medication, which would incentivize physicians to use higher cost drugs. Trump’s order reduces the amount that can be charged to the lowest price paid by industrialized nations under an International Pricing Index.
Another executive order revamps the rebate rule which allows pharmacy benefit managers to pocket these payments instead of passing these discounts to the consumer. Under the order, patients would receive the savings instead of these middlemen, who would receive a fixed dollar amount instead of a percentage of the price of the medications.
Obtaining low-cost drugs from other countries is addressed in an order which allows FDA-approved medications to be imported, and the final order targets lowering the cost of insulin and epinephrine. Insulin prices have more than doubled in the last five years and the average cost of a two-pack EpiPen continues to soar. The order would require Federally Qualified Health Centers who serve low-income patients to pass on savings to their consumers instead of pocketing the discounts made available to them under the federal drug discount program or 340B.
Balance Billing is a common problem when you go to out-of-network doctors not covered or partially covered by your health insurance. The consumer is charged for these costs in bills that could come weeks or months after the initial visit or procedure.
There are steps you can take, however, to mitigate these surprise medical bills. First, be sure to check your Explanation of Benefits (EOB) which usually comes with the bill. Check the dates to make sure the service you are being billed for is accurate and which services were actually performed by out-of-network providers. Be prepared. Get an itemized copy of your bill and know what the “usual” charge is for the procedure. Sites like FAIR Health can help you determine what costs are common for medical procedures in your area. Call the provider and ask to speak to someone in billing who can assist you with the bill. You can also write to your insurer and request that they cover a portion or all of the balance billing.
Ultimately, one of the best ways to avoid balance billing is to make sure you go to network providers. Call your insurer in advance, if possible, to make certain all your care is being handled by in-network doctors, from the surgeon to the anesthesiologist. Make sure all lab work and tests needed in preparation for the surgery is covered as well.